Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Therefore, valid instruments and screening methods for psychological disorders are of great significance. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. Hads officially distributed by mapi research trust eprovide. Reliability and validity of the hospital anxiety and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads useful. Background the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used instrument for evaluating psychological distress from anxiety and depression. Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychiatric comorbidities that are known to have a negative impact on a patients general prognosis. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety depression hads 2019 natural remedy for. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. Feb 01, 1986 full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. A large literature is citable in support of its validity, but difficulties are increasingly being identified, such as inexplicably discrepant optimal cutpoints and inconsistent factorstructures. May 16, 2019 the population of people living with hiv plwh is growing in number and usually results in mental health problems that impact their quality of life. Hads hospital anxiety and depression scale scores and va visual analogue scales for anxiety scores were all used to assess the preoperative anxiety in the a, b, ab, and o groups. The depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd is the most commonly used screening tool in medically ill patients. One such instrument is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 4.
The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. Assessment of anxiety in hospital patients assessment of anxiety in hospital patients shuldham, c m. Clinicians are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. Often, these studies report results from a small range of cutoff thresholds. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, german version hads 20 is a widely used 14item selfreport measure comprising 7 anxiety items and 7 depression items that yield separate anxiety and.
Assessment of anxiety in hospital patients, journal of. The hads was administered to 521 participants 275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of the internal medicine and surgical departments in attikon general hospital in athens. The had scale is a questionnaire, which has been developed to detect the overall state and severity of anxiety and depression zigmond and snaith, 1983. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale data share 2. Hospital anxiety and depression scale manual 2019 natural. Hads is comprised of 14 questions which assess levels of depression and anxiety. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hads. Validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and. Numerous studies examining its construct validity using exploratory efa and confirmatory cfa factor analysis and item response theory irt methods in clinical and nonclinical populations have been published.
Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads useful in. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric hospital. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and.
The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each containing seven questions. Many existing hadsd studies have used exploratory methods to select optimal cutoffs. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is dead. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. Download this article to citation manager, snaith r p, zigmond a s. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. The findings of this study were published by zigmond and snaith 19831. If your clinician knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads rug. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, a selfassessment scale, was developed to detect states of depression, anxiety and emotional distress amongst. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease. It is used extensively in france, but has never been the subject of a full study in a population at work. Reliability and validity of the ethiopian version of the. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 314k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. It is a fourteen item selfassessment scale, with seven items related to anxiety and seven to depression. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, these approaches are demonstrated and compared for 2 subject samples, comprising 901 oncologic patients and 2 695 cardiac patients. Studied the validity of the portuguese version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale a. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and quality of.
We assessed agreement between reported anxiety and depression levels of cancer patients using i single selfreport items and ii the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale core. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with. Hads consists of two subscales anxiety and depression scored separately, with seven items each. We also explored whether anxiety and depression assessment by i single selfreport items or ii the hads was most strongly associated with a preference to be. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used widely with cardiovascular. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. A selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink.
Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Downloaded from the university of groningenumcg research database pure. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. Perhaps, as zigmond and snaith 3 apparently intended, the alert. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi ety in the setting of an. Frontiers psychometric properties and factor structure of.
Aug 01, 2003 the hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. The norms below will give you an idea of the level of anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads reveals good psychometric properties, but shows ambiguous results in factor structure. The hospital anxiety and depression scale article, 1983. It is suggested that the introduction of the scales into general hospital practice would. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. Introduction the depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd has been recommended for depression screening in medically ill patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the amharic ethiopian language version of hads among hiv infected patients. The objectives of this study were to present some psychometric properties of the hads on a large sample of french employees.
The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. Selfreport screening instruments for assessing depression such as the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 are available but their validity is typically determined in depressed patients without comorbid somatic illness. Other than physically ill individuals, the hads is also used with community samplespopulations. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. But screening for these potential comorbidities in a hospital s accident and emergency department has seldom been undertaken, particularly in saudi arabia and elsewhere in the middle east. Objective the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to screen for anxiety and depression. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. Depression is common but frequently undetected in patients with coronary artery disease cad. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, hds page 2 of 4 4 i can laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could 0 not quite so much now 1 definitely not so much now 2 not at all 3 5 worrying thoughts go through my mind a great deal of the time 3 a lot of the time 2 not too often 1 very little 0 6 i feel cheerful never 3 not. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Frontiers symptoms of anxiety and depression in young.
Pdf measurement of change with the hospital anxiety and. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. Psychometric properties of the danish hospital anxiety and. Problems in crosscultural use of the hospital anxiety and. Agreement between hads classifications and singleitem. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is frequently used to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression. This questionnaire is designed to help your clinician to know how you feel. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored.
Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. The aim, therefore, was to evaluate the psychometric properties of hads in a large sample of danish patients. The aim, therefore, was to evaluate the psychometric properties of hads in a large sample of danish. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the.
Anxiety and depression symptoms are common among cardiac patients. This article examines whether these problems could be due to the construction of the. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is officially distributed by mapi. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety and depression in a non. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. One way to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression and their severity is the use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale had scale.
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